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Anne Frank 安妮·弗兰克
1929 – 1945
Annelies Marie “Anne” Frank was a German-born Jewish girl from the city of Frankfurt. She gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her diary which documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.
Anne and her family moved to Amsterdam in 1933 after the Nazis gained power in Germany, and were trapped by the occupation of the Netherlands, which began in 1940. As persecutions against the Jewish population increased, the family went into hiding in July 1942 in hidden rooms in her father Otto Frank’s office building. After two years, the group was betrayed and transported to concentration camps. Seven months after her arrest, Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, within days of the death of her sister, Margot Frank. Her father Otto, the only survivor of the group, returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that her diary had been saved, and his efforts led to its publication in 1947. It was translated from its original Dutch and first published in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl. Anne Frank has been acknowledged for the quality of her writing, and has become one of the most renowned and discussed of Holocaust victims.
安娜莉丝·玛丽·“安妮”·弗兰克是一个在德国法兰克福出生的犹太女孩。在她身后出版的日记使她为世人熟悉,日记记录了她在二战中德国占领荷兰时期的躲藏经历。
1933年,纳粹夺得德国政权。安妮一家迁到荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹,1940年德国占领荷兰,他们被困在了荷兰。随着对犹太人迫害的加剧,安妮一家于1942年六月在父亲奥图·弗兰克办公楼的一间密室里躲了起来,两年后被出卖并关进了集中营。在她被捕后的七个月,安妮·弗兰克在卑尔根—贝尔森集中营死于伤寒,与姐姐玛戈·弗兰克的离世只有几日之遥。父亲奥图·弗兰克是这个家庭唯一的幸存者,他在战后回到阿姆斯特丹发现日记被保留了下来,得于他的努力日记在1947年出版。日记首版由原荷兰文翻译成英文于1952年出版,名字为《一个少女的日记》(《安妮日记》)。安妮·弗兰克的写作水平是为世人公认的,她也成为其中最具声望和受人们议论最多的纳粹大屠杀受害者之一。
Samantha Smith 萨曼塔·史密斯
1972 – 1985
Image: 1985 USSR Stamp with “Samantha Smith” in Cyrillic.
Samantha Reed Smith was an American schoolgirl from Manchester, Maine who became famous in the Cold War-era United States and Soviet Union. In November 1982, when Smith was 10 years old, she wrote to Soviet leader Yuri Andropov, seeking to understand why the relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were so tense. Her letter was published in the Soviet newspaper Pravda. Samantha was happy to discover that her letter had been published, however, she had not received a reply. She then sent a letter to the Soviet Union’s Ambassador to the United States asking if Mr. Andropov intended to respond. On April 26, 1983, she received a response from Andropov.
Smith attracted extensive media attention in both countries as a “Goodwill Ambassador”, and became known as “America’s Youngest Ambassador” participating in peacemaking activities in Japan. She wrote a book and co-starred in a television series, before her death at the age of 13 in the Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 plane crash.
图片:印有古斯拉夫语字母书写的“萨曼塔·史密斯”的1985年发行的苏联邮票
萨曼塔·里德·史密斯是美国缅因州曼彻斯特市的一名女学生,在美苏冷战时期享有名声。1982年11月,10岁的史密斯写了一封信给当时的苏联领导人尤里·安德罗波夫,探问美苏关系为什么如此紧张。苏联《真理报》刊登了她的信。萨曼塔很高兴发现她的信被刊登,但是她没有得到任何回应。接着她写了一封信给苏联驻美国大使,询问安德罗波夫先生是否有意回复。1983年四月26日,她终于得到了安德罗波夫的回复。史密斯作为“亲善大使”受到两国媒体的广泛关注,并被称为“美国最年轻的大使”参与日本的创建和平活动。她写了一本书并合演了一部电视连续剧,在巴尔港航空公司1808客机失事中罹难,时年13岁。
Hector Pieterson 海克特·彼特森
1964 - 1976
Image: Sam Nzima’s famous June 16, 1976 photograph of Mbuyisa Makhubo carrying Hector Pieterson, accompanied by Hector’s sister, Antoinette.
Hector Pieterson (1964 – 16 June 1976) became the iconic image of the 1976 Soweto uprising in apartheid South Africa when a news photograph by Sam Nzima of the dying Hector being carried by a fellow student, was published around the world. He was killed at the age of 12 when the police opened fire on protesting students. For years, June 16 stood as a symbol of resistance to the brutality of the apartheid government. Today, it is known as National Youth Day — a day on which South Africans honour young people and bring attention to their needs.
Since June 1976, Hector’s surname has been spelled Peterson and Pietersen by the press but the family insists that the correct spelling is Pieterson. The Pieterson family was originally the Pitso family but decided to adopt the Pieterson name to try to pass as “Coloured” (the apartheid-era name for people of mixed race), because Coloured people enjoyed somewhat better privileges under apartheid than blacks did.
On June 16, 2002 the Hector Pieterson Memorial and Museum was opened near the place he was shot in Orlando West, Soweto to honour Hector and those who died around the country in the 1976 uprising.
图片:Sam Nzima于1976年6月16日拍摄的著名图片。捧着海克特·彼特森的Mbuyisa Makhubo,身边伴着海克特的妹妹Antoinette。
当一张由Sam Nzimapai拍摄的一个同学捧着奄奄一息的海克特的新闻图片公诸于世时,海克特·彼特森(1964 — 1967.6.16)成为1976年实行种族隔离制度的南非索韦托起义的标志式形象。警察向示威学生开火,他倒下时只有12岁。多年来,6月16日都作为对野蛮的种族隔离政府的反抗象征。今天,这个日子被视为国家青年节——一个南非人尊重年轻人,关注他们需要的日子。
自1976年6月起,海克特的姓就曾被新闻界拼读成彼得森(Peterson)或彼埃特尔森(Pietersen),但他的家人坚称正确的拼读是彼特森(Pieterson)。彼特森家族最初叫彼特苏(Pitso)家族,为了能作为“有色人种”(种族隔离时期对混血种人的称呼)通行无阻,同时由于在种族隔离制度下有色人种能享受到比黑人稍好的权利而决定采用彼特森这个姓氏。
2002年6月16日,海克特·彼特森纪念碑和博物馆开幕,选址在索韦托的奥兰多西区——他中枪地点附近,以表示对海克特和那些在1976年起义中为这个国家死去的人的尊敬。
Iqbal Masih 伊克巴尔·马薛
1982 – 1995
Iqbal Masih was a Pakistani boy who was sold to a carpet industry as a child slave at the age of 4 for the equivalent of (12) USD. Iqbal was held by a string to a carpet loom in a small town called Muridke near Lahore. He was made to work twelve hours per day. Due to long hours of hard work and insufficient food and care, Iqbal was undersized. At twelve years of age, Iqbal was the size of a six-year old boy. At the age of 10, he escaped the brutal slavery and later joined a Bonded Labor Liberation Front of Pakistan to help stop child labour around the world, and Iqbal helped over 3,000 Pakistani children that were in bonded labour, escape to freedom. Iqbal gave talks about child labour all around the world.
He was murdered on Easter Sunday 1995. It is assumed by many that he was assassinated by members of the “Carpet Mafia” because of the publicity he brought towards the child labour industry. Some locals were accused of the crime, however.
In 1994, Iqbal was awarded the Reebok Human Rights Award. In 2000, when The World’s Children’s Prize for the Rights of the Child was formed, he was posthumously awarded this prize as one of the first laureates.
伊克巴尔·马薛是一名巴基斯坦男孩,4岁时被父亲以相当于12美元的价钱卖给一家地毯工厂当童工。在拉合尔市附近的Muridke小镇上,伊克巴尔被死死地锁在了织毯机上,他每天被迫工作12小时。由于长时间的重活和欠缺足够的食物与照顾,伊克巴尔比一般的孩子矮小。12岁时,他的身高只相当于一个6岁孩子的高度。10岁时,他从野蛮的奴役中逃了出来,接着参加了巴基斯坦抵债劳动自由阵线,帮助世界的禁止童工运动。伊克巴尔帮助超过3000名巴基斯坦抵债劳动的儿童重获自由,并在世界各地发表关于童工问题的演讲。
他在1995年复活节遭谋杀。由于他宣扬打击童工业,很多人猜想他是被“地毯黑帮”的成员所杀,然而一些当地人也被指控有罪。
1994年,伊克巴尔被授予锐步人权奖。2000年,儿童权利的国际儿童奖设立,作为其中一个获奖者,伊克巴尔在死后被授予了这一奖项。
Nkosi Johnson 恩科西·约翰逊
1989 - 2001
Nkosi, born Xolani Nkosi, was born to Nonthlanthla Daphne Nkosi in a township east of Johannesburg in 1989. He never knew his father. Nkosi was HIV-positive from birth, and was legally adopted by Gail Johnson, a Johannesburg Public Relations practitioner, when his own mother, debilitated by the disease, was no longer able to care for him. The young Nkosi Johnson first came to public attention in 1997, when a primary school in the Johannesburg suburb of Melville refused to accept him as a pupil because of his HIV-positive status. The incident caused a furor at the highest political level—South Africa’s Constitution forbids discrimination on the grounds of medical status—and the school later reversed its decision.
Nkosi was the keynote speaker at the 13th International AIDS Conference, where he encouraged AIDS victims to be open about the disease and to seek equal treatment. Nkosi finished his speech with the words.
"Care for us and accept us - we are all human beings. We are normal. We have hands. We have feet. We can walk, we can talk, we have needs just like everyone else - don’t be afraid of us - we are all the same!"
Nelson Mandela referred to Nkosi as an “icon of the struggle for life.” He was ranked fifth amongst SABC3’s Great South Africans. At the time of his death, he was the longest-surviving HIV-positive born child.
Together with his foster mother, Nkosi founded a refuge for HIV positive mothers and their children, Nkosi’s Haven, in Johannesburg.[6] In November 2005, Gail represented Nkosi when he posthumously received the International Children’s Peace Prize from the hands of Mikhail Gorbachev. Nkosi’s Haven received the US $100,000 prize money from the KidsRights Foundation as well as a statuette which has been named the Nkosi in Nkosi Johnson’s honour. Nkosi’s life is the subject of the book We Are All the Same by Jim Wooten.
恩科西,乳名Xolani Nkosi,1989年出生在约翰内斯堡东边的一个小镇上,生下来被唤作Nonthlanthla Daphne Nkosi。他对他的父亲一无所知。恩科西出生时就是艾滋病病毒携带者,被约翰内斯堡的公关从业员基尔·约翰逊合法收养,而他的生母,被疾病折磨得疲惫不堪,已无法再照顾他。1997年,位于约翰内斯堡郊区的梅尔维尔的一间小学以小恩科西是艾滋病病毒携带者的身份为由拒绝接收他,此时小恩科西首次引起了公众的注意。这一事件甚至在最高的政治层引起了一股骚动——南非宪法禁止歧视特殊疾病状况的群体——学校后来改变了它的决定。
恩科西是第13届国际艾滋病会议的主题发言人。在会上他鼓励艾滋病受害者公开病情并寻求平等的治疗。他以这样一段话结束他的发言:
“在意和接纳我们——我们同是人。我们也是正常的。我们拥有手,拥有脚;我们会走路,会说话,我们有和任何一个人一样的需要——不要害怕我们——我们是一样的!”
纳尔逊·曼德拉把他称为“为生命而战的偶像”。在南非广播公司的最伟大的南非人评选中,他名列第五。直到他去世时,他已是携带艾滋病出生孩子中生存最长的人。
恩科西和他的养母在约翰内斯堡为携带艾滋病的母亲和她们的孩子建立了一个庇护所——恩科西避难所。2005年11月,基尔代表恩科西在他死后从米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫手中接过国际儿童和平奖,恩科西避难所从儿童基金会获得了100,000美元的奖金和一尊为纪念恩科西并以他的名字命名的小雕像。Jim Wooten以恩科西的一生为主题写了《我们是一样的》一书。
Om Prakash Gurjar 阿曼·普拉卡什·歌贾
1992
At the age of five, he was taken away from his parents and for three years he worked in the fields. After he was rescued by activists of Bachpan Bachao Andolan, Om campaigned for free education in his native Rajasthan. He then helped to set up a network of what are known as “child friendly villages”, places where children’s rights are respected and child labour is not allowed. He also set up a network that aims to give all children a birth certificate as a way of helping to protect them from exploitation. He also worked to ensure children are given birth certificates. He says such registration is the first step towards enshrining children’s rights, proving their age, and helping to protect them from slavery, trafficking, forced marriage or serving as a child soldiers.
He was awarded the International Children’s Peace Prize by former South African President FW de Klerk, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
5岁时他被带离了父母身边并干了长达3年农活。被拯救儿童运动的活动分子解救以后,阿曼在他的家乡拉贾斯坦邦为免费教育斗争。接着他又帮助建设著名的“儿童友好村”广播网,一个尊重儿童权利和禁止童工的网络。同时他也建立起一个旨在给予每个儿童出生认证的网络,作为一个保护儿童出生权免受剥夺的方法。他也致力于确保儿童得到出生认证的工作。他说这种的登记是保护儿童权利,核对儿童年龄,帮助保护他们免于奴役,买卖,逼婚和充当童军的第一步。
他被前南非总统、1993年诺贝尔和平奖得主德克勒克授予国际儿童和平奖。
Thandiwe Chama 坦迪维·查马
1991
A 16-year-old Zambian girl, Thandiwe Chama of Lusaka’s Chawama township has scooped the 2007 International Children’s Peace Prize beating 28 other nominees from across the world. The prestigious prize was presented to Thandiwe in The Hague on Sunday by Nobel Peace Laureate, Betty Williams and Live8 initiator, Sir Bob Geldof. The Prize consists of a statuette - “the Nkosi” - and 100,000 euros, which are to be awarded to a direct aid project in the spirit of the young winner’s efforts.
In 1999, when she was only eight-years-old, her school was closed because there were no teachers. Thandiwe refused to accept this and led 60 other children in walking to find another school. As a result, all the children were taken into the Jack Cecup School. Strengthened by this achievement, Thandiwe has been fighting ever since for the right to education for all children. Thandiwe continues to impress, for example by speaking in church about children and AIDS - an issue not always discussed easily in churches. With a friend, she wrote and illustrated a booklet called “The Chicken with AIDS”, telling young children about the perils of AIDS.
“It’s so important to know that also a child has rights. At school I learned about rights. And I knew then that this was something I wanted to fight for. Because if children are given an opportunity, they for sure can contribute in making this world a better place.” - Thandiwe Chama
来自赞比亚卢萨卡Chawama小镇的16岁女孩坦迪维·查马打败其他28名来自世界各地的提名候选人,一举掳获了2007年的国际儿童和平奖。这一极具声望的奖项在星期天在海牙由诺贝尔和平奖获奖者Betty Williams和Live8创始人Bob Geldof爵士颁发给坦迪维。奖品是一座价值100,000欧元的“恩科西”小雕像,该奖旨在嘉奖年轻获奖者在直接参与帮助事件上所付出的精神努力。
1999年,小坦迪维只有8岁,她的学校因师资短缺而关闭。她拒绝接受这一事实,带着其他60名同学步行寻找另一间学校。结果全部学生都被Jack Cecup学校接收。受着这一次成功的鼓励,坦迪维自此一直为儿童的受教育权斗争。坦迪维继续给我们带来深刻印象,例如她在教堂发表关于儿童和艾滋病的演讲——一个不易也不常能在教堂讨论的话题。她和朋友写了一本附有插图的小册子叫“艾滋病小孩”,讲述处于艾滋病危险环境下的年轻孩子们的故事。
“知道即使是一个小孩也有他的权利是非常重要的。我在学校学到了权利。我也知道这就是我想为之战斗的东西。因为如果孩子们得到了机会,无疑他们会为世界变得更美好贡献他们的一份力。”——坦迪维·查马。 |
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